Nnnmeningoencefalitis viral pdf pediatria pdf

A significant percentage remains without a definitive diagnosis due to the large number of etiologic agents. These studies have been hampered by incomplete aetiological approaches. Chief, division of infectious disease, childrens hospital and medical center, seattle, wa. Clinical and paraclinical characteristics of bacterial. Doses provided are usual doses but may require modification based on patient age or comorbid conditions. A confirmed or probable causative agent was identified in only 16% of cases. Professor, departments of pediatrics and microbiology, school of medicine, university of washington. Viral meningitis is a notifiable disease in england and wales, but many cases undoubtedly go unreported. This article will address three broad areas of viral encephalitisits causes, differential diagnosis, and management. Bacterial meningitis american academy of pediatrics. Viral meningitis the most common cause of viral meningitis is a family of viruses called enterovirus. Modification of therapy may be indicated based on patient comorbidities, previous antibiotic therapy or infection history. Cerebral spinal fluid csf is the fluid within the open spaces of the brain that protect and cushion the brain and spinal cord.

However, we need better antiviral therapy to meet the challenge of acute viral encephalitis more effectively. Clinical manifestations and relevant environmental and personal information the diagnosis of viral encephalitis is suspected in the context of a febrile disease accompanied by headache. In some cases, treatment may be done to help ease symptoms. Hsv1 typically causes encephalitis rather than meningitis.

Diagnosis, initial management, and prevention of meningitis david m. Acute encephalitis can be due to many causes, although most are viral, and is a medical emergency. Ct of viral lower respiratory tract infections in adults. Pending results of csf cultures and virologic studies, the results of the initial evaluation can be used to make a provisional diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis, or unclear etiology. Encefalitis viral infantil 83 medicina buenos aires 20. Encefalitis viral por herpes virus simple an med mex 2016. Most cases of recurrent viral meningitis are caused by hsv2. Enteroviruses are spread by direct contact with feces during activities such as diaper changing or indirectly through contaminated water, food, and. Cns with its wide range of associated acute viral infections c the recent recognition of emerging viral infections of the cns such as west nile encephalitis and nipah virus encephalitis. There are no medicines to treat the viruses that cause viral meningitis. Vaccination and vector control measures are useful preventive strategies in certain arboviral and zoonotic encephalitis. Bacterial meningitis is a serious, relatively common childhood disease that affects approximately 1 in 500 children who are younger than 2 years. Bronquiectasias en pediatria, aproximacion diagnostica y tratamiento. Diagnosis, initial management, and prevention of meningitis.

The single most frequent cause of sporadic encephalitis around the world is herpes simplex. In the united states, enteroviral meningitis is seen more frequently from june to october. Clinically, viral pneumonia in adults can be divided into two groups. The emergence of unusual forms of zoonotic encephalitis has posed an important public health problem. The infectious diseases management program idmp at ucsf is an interprofessional and interhospital collaboration aimed at improving antimicrobial use and the care of patients with infections. The severity of a childs symptoms and prognosis depend on. Diagnostico diferencial segun caracteristicas del lcr. These are guidelines only and not intended to replace clinical judgment. However, many of the viruses discussed are highly preventable by vaccination, proper skin protection against transmitting vectors, and postexposure prophylaxis. Bamberger, md, university of missourikansas city school of medicine, kansas city, missouri. The only exception is herpes simplex virus, which is treated with iv antiviral medicine. Meningitis is usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection that invades the cerebral spinal fluid csf. We retrospectively compared the ct findings of consecutive viral and bacterial lower respiratory tract infections lrtis to determine their imaging appearance and any definable differences among the causative viruses and between the viral and bacterial infections.

Clinical features and diagnosis in children, section on diagnosis. Summary while meningitis and encephalitis caused by viruses may have some clinical overlap, the management and outcomes can be highly disparate, making distinction between the two imperative. The spectrum of brain involvement and the prognosis are dependent mainly on the speci. Differentiation of bacterial and viral pneumonia in. Many published studies have addressed the differentiation of bacterial from viral pneumonia using clinical, 2 5 radiological, 2 9 and routine haematological tests, 2 5, 9 11 but these methods have not been found to be sufficiently reliable in differential diagnosis. Most children get better on their own without treatment. Of identifiable causes, 69% were viral, 20% bacterial, 8% noninfectious ie, autoimmune disease, 7% prion protein, 3% parasitic, and 1% fungal. Echovirus y herpes simplex pueden causar hipoglicorraquia.